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Traditional African Masks

Masks are central to the cultural and spiritual traditions of many African societies. Students will explore the history and meaning of several masks before they create a replica of one.

Lesson Plan

Supplies Needed

Gather all the supplies needed to bring your craft ideas to life! From paints and markers to glue and scissors, our crafts section has everything to spark creativity and make every project truly special.

  • Paper Clip(s)
  • Plastic Wrap
  • Recycled Cardboard

Steps

  • Step 1

    African masks are decorated objects that serve as powerful symbols in rituals, ceremonies, and community celebrations. Their history dates back thousands of years, and evidence of their use is found throughout the continent. Have students explore these objects that provide a vital connection to Africa's history and its diverse cultural heritage. Ask them to look at some of the designs and symbolism typical to specific countries, such as the colorful Bamileke mask of Cameroon, the Ashanti mask of the Akan people of Ghana, the Pende mask of the Democratic Republic of Congo, and others.

  • Step 2

    Have students create a mask out of air-dry clay in the style of one of the regions they explored. They will first create a "hump mold" by folding a piece of cardboard into a tent-like or dome structure, then draping a piece of plastic wrap over it and taping the plastic in place (so the clay does not stick to the cardboard). Next they will roll out a slab of air-dry clay and place it over the plastic. While the clay is still wet, have them use an unfolded paper clip or other modeling tool to engrave designs into the mask. Encourage them to be guided by traditional designs and symbols to preserve the authenticity. They may also wish to form feature out of small pieces of clay and affix them to the mask.

  • Step 3

    When the clay is dry, have students paint the masks. Ask students to present their art and discuss the region and symbolism of the mask they created.

Standards

ARTS: Relate artistic ideas and works with societal, cultural, and historical context to deepen understanding.

SS: Culture: Create, learn, share, and adapt to culture.

Adaptations

Have students choose one of the regions they explored and delve more deeply into its culture. Who are the people who inhabit the area? What are the traditional arts, music, and dances?

Have students investigate types of theater that use masks, such as Japanese Noh (a dance-drama that originated in the 14th century), Tibetan Lhamo (somewhat comparable to an opera), Korean Talchum (dance and music) and others.